Niz | Puni Prikaz

wangkiky · 08-22-2016, 10:49 AM

The press materials and construction methods used were divided into three categories. Hybrid structure with a brick or block wall made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete slab houses do. Because of its simple construction, low cost, is the most widely used form of a structure; but the larger self, poor performance of anti-seismic wall, to improve its seismic performance, including facades and exterior corner of the junction of additional reinforcement concrete structural column, also known as seismic column. Structural column is connected with the building, the roof ring beam, in order to improve the integrity of the house, strength and deformation capacity. When used as wall hollow block masonry, steel insert blocks are available up and down through the hole, the pouring of concrete in the hole, forming a reinforced concrete column, increase housing anti-seismic capability. 
 Internal Force Calculation: see masonry structure static analysis. Prefabricated panel structure with precast concrete wall panels and floor assembled into the housing structure, after World War II to develop the kind of high level of industrialization of building architecture. The main advantage is that commercial production can be carried out, on-site construction of high efficiency, low labor intensity, lighter weight, structural strength and deformation capacity than hybrid structure is good. But the cost is high, the required large-scale transport lifting machinery, layout is not flexible enough. Building wall according to function into interior wall panels and wall panels. Interior wall panels mainly used for load-bearing member, made of a single material. General non-load-bearing wall panels wall panels, both thermal insulation, waterproofing and other functions, structure is more complex, some with a variety of materials made of composite wall. Press wallboard materials used divided into hollow concrete wall, solid wall panels, lightweight aggregate concrete wall panels, industrial waste concrete wall, brick wall vibration plate. Link structure prefabricated panel structure is able to give full play to the strength of housing, the key to ensuring the necessary stiffness and overall performance space. Ways to strengthen the connection: 
 ① the upper and lower wall panels and extending adjacent floor welded steel; 
 ② wall and floor of the four sides have teeth in order to increase the ability to transfer shear joints; 
 ③ with concrete poured into the seam as a whole. Also useful add vertical prestress in the wall, the floor and wall panels integrally connected to the connection method. 
 internal force calculation: for wall, floor and seam strength under vertical and horizontal loads should be calculated. Wall Internal Force Analysis: At the outer vertical load, horizontal load plane, according to the wall supported on both ends of the fixed hinged roof, floor and foundation vertical elements are calculated; horizontal load in the plane, the wall press embedded solid body is calculated on the basis of vertical cantilever structure, taking into account the longitudinal and transverse walls together affect the impact and the size of the wall opening. Cast wall panels cast concrete structure walls, floor using prefabricated housing structure or the cast. 
 The main advantage is a good seismic performance. Compared with the hybrid structure, a significant reduction in the amount of wall plaster, reduce the labor intensity, less employment; and prefabricated panel structure is relatively simple construction, and therefore the rapid development, China has become the main form of multi-seismic area with high-rise residential structures one. Wall materials and construction methods cast wall panels can be divided into interior and exterior structure of the entire in-situ concrete wall and transverse and longitudinal inner wall situ, precast wall with a large plate (referred to in the pouring plug) or brick, block ( pouring referred to within the outer masonry) categories, in-situ wall can be shaped template (formwork, combination templates, template tunnel mode) or using sliding construction, improve construction molding method. Floor Adopting concrete slab, precast panels or strip the entire plate, floor plate should be made continuously to improve the integrity of the house. Pouring inside the outer wall of masonry structure should build walls, after pouring concrete walls, to ensure that the interior and exterior good combination. 
 Internal Force Calculation: In the vertical loads, according to the cross-sectional area of the aspect ratio of allocation of internal force wall. When the level of the lateral force, the outer vertical part of the wall can be used as an effective horizontal flange wall, computation graph can be simplified as a framework, each transverse wall pier as frame columns, walls and even the cross beam as the frame beam, floor hinged even as rod on the whole horizontal wall joint assignments transverse horizontal force calculation. When the horizontal longitudinal force, transverse wall to work, along the longitudinal structure with longitudinal and transverse wall composition space structural system work together to simplify the computation graph composed by a combination of interior and exterior frame, the outer wall of the coupling beams as longitudinal frame beam, vertical wall piers and transverse wall composed of frame columns. If the material is not the same interior and exterior, the exterior wall thickness should, the ratio of the interior wall material modulus of elasticity to be converted. 

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